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the conclusion of expedition 42 means

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it's time to talk about expedition 4142

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science with lead increment scientist dr

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vick cooley

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in almost six months uh for this crew

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plus the one before it how many

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experiments did the space station crews

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take part in on uh increment 4142 there

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were 258 investigations officially

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logged and that ranges all the way from

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the very simple uh four inch cube type

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of experiments that can be plugged into

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a usb port for power and data

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all the way up to the extremely complex

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and massive alpha magnetic spectrometer

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there was a group of biology experiments

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that go under the the umbrella

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designation of gene lab

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remind me of what that was and and how

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that went well it went well we've had uh

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two experiments so far that will

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contribute data to the gene lab

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the gene lab is is basically a protein

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data bank we've had a protein data bank

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concept now for about 20 years where

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biologists from around the world as they

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discover

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gene sequences

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in

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model organisms primarily like fruit

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flies fish and worms and

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and rodents

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will record those gene sequences those

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protein sequences and in genes and

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proteins are kind of synonymous here

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because genes encode proteins

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and now the gene lab will be a protein

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data bank that's open to the public and

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in it will be

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data from

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organisms and how their genes change in

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xero g

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so this can be from

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genetic mutations that are passed on

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from one generation to another or

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epigenetic gene mutations that happen

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or

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that happen outside of the

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uh micro rna

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transcoding of that genetic material

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into proteins and there'll be other

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experiments that will contribute to that

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gene lab will be an ongoing

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you know for the foreseeable future tens

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20 types of years uh where we will

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constantly add to this this database

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this protein data bank if you will

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now of organisms that have either been

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uh born or hatched in space or flown to

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space after they've been born to see how

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their genetic material changes how as

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their bodies adapt to weightlessness a

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couple of other things that happened

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during this time that i wanted to get

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you to touch on

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one of them is a photography not an

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experiment with photography it's

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involved with crews not taking pictures

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of the earth but pictures of the moon

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what what is this moon imagery okay so

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this is all about navigation and a

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backup system for nasa's next manned uh

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vehicle known as the orion capsule which

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would go to mars

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perhaps back to the moon and to an

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asteroid

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so there's a primary navigation system

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but if it should fail um

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the

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would be have to resort to techniques

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that the ancient mariners use just

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navigation by stars and the moon

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so the moon imagery

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requirements that we just did over this

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past weekend terry wurtz uh photographed

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the moon from

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the uh node two zenith window that's in

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the hatch for that on that node port but

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he also photographed the moon from the

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cupola the primary objective was to get

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the imagery from the node because it had

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the most direct shot it's on the

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xenoside

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uh so it was facing away from earth

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rather than down towards the earth

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remember we're only 250 miles so high so

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the moon is still very far away

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so this purpose was to see how well that

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imagery and it's necessary to do this

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from low earth orbit to avoid

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atmospheric distortion that we would get

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if we tried to calibrate this

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this it's really a star sensor that

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would be used as this backup navigation

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system but it has to be calibrated once

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it's in space and what you calibrate it

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with would be the moon because it's a of

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a known brightness and and obviously

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it's very big

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uh it was made to fill up 60 to 70 uh

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pixels in diameter of the moon shot so

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it is still quite a bit small in this

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picture but it is about 60 to 70 pixels

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across and that's enough for an accurate

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determination so that the sensor which

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would then look at stars

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could very accurately tell how bright

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each of those stars is using this as a

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reference using this as a reference and

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it's the brightness of the stars in

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addition to the star pattern it's really

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the brightness that that

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gives you certainty that you've

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identified your location and more

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importantly which way is it back to

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earth

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also in the last couple of weeks we saw

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more than a dozen small satellites

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deployed

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from the space station

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tell me about this cubesats uh program

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and how well that's working

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it's working extremely well there's uh

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there's so much demand for these cubesat

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launches that we simply can't keep up

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with it at this point so we're expanding

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our capability to do that right now we

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can launch cubesats uh once per month

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through the japanese airlock and there

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you see two satellites just display

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deployed from one of the silos there are

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16 silos in that particular case

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so

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over the past 10 days we deployed 16

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satellites total 12 of them were from a

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company called planet doves they're

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called dove sats and as you see how

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small they are they're those cases they

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were four inch by four inch by 12 inches

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long

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so each of those satellites

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there are 28 of them that will make up a

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flock that will cover the in at least

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the earth through plus and minus 58

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degrees latitude

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and can provide

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near real-time imagery whereas the

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current capability from uh

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very expensive satellite services that

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provide imagery it takes about two or

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three weeks to make a request and

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actually get the product because there's

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only one satellite in that case maybe

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two and there don't fly over that part

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of the earth that frequently but with a

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big flock of 28 of these small very exp

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inexpensive satellites

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uh you can get

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a 24-hour turnaround that's the goal of

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the company called planet doves is to

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make this type of imagery available

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its resolution is about 10 to 15 feet

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per pixel

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right so you can identify for example a

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tree canopy

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and cubesats are launching satellites

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for private companies and student groups

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and lots of different uh organizations

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yes the uh as i mentioned we launched 16

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12 of those were for planet doves the

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other four were one was for

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massachusetts institute of technology

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there were some companies that launched

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another satellite to test the global

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star navigation system which is

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different from gps

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and tdrs but it it's another space

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network

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it was testing to see if it could use

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that network to do command and data

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transfer

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one of the other very interesting

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experiments

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uh attempts to return samples from the

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space station in as little as 18 hours

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so

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we know that we just saw in the previous

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footage

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of the soyuz that just returned how

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scorched the surface of that capsule was

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because it returned through the earth's

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atmosphere in a matter of about four

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hours

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so you don't want to come in that quick

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but you want to come in as quick as

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possible because you're trying to return

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biological samples and they're probably

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passively refrigerated so you know

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getting them back within 18 to 24 hours

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is is kind of the goal and that's where

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tech edsat is headed that was a

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similarly sized

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uh satellite as the ones we saw

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it had a deployable aero break which is

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you can think of it as a parachute but

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when

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that much atmosphere to

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grab a hold of and and produce drag but

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even a small aero break which is kind of

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looks like a parachute does produce

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enough drag to allow it to re-enter not

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quite as

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quickly as the soyuz but over an 18 to

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24-hour period to return biological

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samples be interesting to see how all of

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these things come out vic thanks very

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much for sharing the information dr vic

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cooley is the lead increment scientist